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Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi madzi abuluu wotumbululuka pa kutentha kochepa, okhala ndi kachulukidwe kambiri komanso kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Mpweya wowira wamadzimadzi ndi -183℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale wokhazikika m'malo otentha pang'ono poyerekeza ndi mpweya wa mpweya. Mu mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi pafupifupi 1.14 g/cm³, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wamadzimadzi ukhale wosavuta kusunga ndi kunyamula kuposa mpweya wa mpweya. Mpweya wamadzimadzi sumangokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya wambiri komanso uli ndi mphamvu zopangitsa kuti mpweya ukhale wokhuthala, zomwe zimatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndi zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe.

Khalidwe la mpweya wamadzimadzi wotentha pang'ono limafuna zida zapadera komanso njira zoyezera posungira ndi kunyamula, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ziwiya zotenthetsera kutentha pang'ono kuti kutentha kusamukire. Sili ndi fungo komanso mtundu, koma chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kochepa kwambiri, mpweya wamadzimadzi ungayambitse chisanu ndi zoopsa zina pathupi la munthu, kotero chisamaliro chapadera chikufunika panthawi yogwira ntchito.

Kupanga ndi kupanga mpweya wamadzimadzi

Kupanga mpweya wamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wamadzimadzi, womwe ndi njira yolekanitsira zigawo za mpweya kudzera mu kuzizira kotsika kutentha komanso kukanikiza bwino. Mfundo yayikulu yolekanitsa mpweya wamadzi ...

Ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wa deep cryogenic sungathe kungopanga mpweya wamadzimadzi komanso nthawi imodzi umapeza mpweya wina wotsika kutentha monga nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi argon wamadzimadzi. Zogulitsazi zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale. Kuyera kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kumapangitsa kuti ukhale wofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri apadera.

Minda yayikulu yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi

Mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Choyamba, m'munda wa ndege, mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi umodzi mwa ma rocket oxidants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa uli ndi mpweya wambiri komanso mphamvu yothandizira kuyaka, zomwe zimatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu ndi mafuta kuti apange mphamvu zambiri kuti ziyendetse ma rocket. Kuphatikiza kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi hydrogen wamadzimadzi kumatchedwa chimodzi mwa ma rocket propellant odziwika kwambiri, ndipo mphamvu zake zamphamvu komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yotchuka kwambiri muukadaulo wa ndege.

Kachiwiri, m'magawo azachipatala, mpweya wamadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lofunika la mpweya. Mpweya wamadzi umasungidwa kutentha kochepa ndikusinthidwa kukhala nthunzi kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mpweya wamankhwala, zomwe zimathandiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto lopuma kupeza mpweya wokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wamadzi umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu metallurgy, chemistry, ndi madera ena, makamaka mu njira zoyaka kwambiri komanso zopangira mankhwala, komwe mphamvu yake yowonjezereka ya okosijeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Malangizo otetezera mpweya wamadzimadzi

Ngakhale kuti mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zogwira ntchito komanso kutentha kochepa, pali zoopsa zina zachitetezo. Choyamba, mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi chinthu chowonjezera mphamvu, chomwe chingathandize kuti kuyaka kuyambe msanga, choncho chiyenera kupewedwa kuti chisakhudze zinthu zomwe zimayaka moto panthawi yosungira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kungayambitse chisanu, choncho zida zoyenera zodzitetezera monga magolovesi ndi zigoba ziyenera kuvalidwa panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi kuti tipewe kuvulala pakhungu ndi maso.

Kusunga mpweya wamadzimadzi kumafuna ziwiya zapadera zokonzedwa bwino zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha kochepa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino zotetezera kutentha kuti kutentha kwakunja kusalowe ndikupangitsa kutentha kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kukwera. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yopuma mpweya wamadzimadzi, umakula mwachangu ndikupanga mpweya wambiri, zomwe zingayambitse kuchuluka kwa mpweya m'chilengedwe, zomwe zimawonjezera chiopsezo cha moto. Chifukwa chake, pakusunga ndi kunyamula mpweya wamadzimadzi, malamulo ofunikira achitetezo ayenera kutsatiridwa mosamala kuti malo ogwirira ntchito akhale otetezeka komanso mpweya wabwino.

Kuyerekeza mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mpweya wina wa mafakitale

Mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi argon wamadzimadzi, uli ndi makhalidwe ofanana, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi makhalidwe. Kutentha kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi -196℃, komwe ndi kotsika kuposa kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi, kotero nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsira, pomwe mpweya wamadzimadzi, chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zamphamvu zophikira, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kuyaka kapena chowotchera. Kuphatikiza apo, argon wamadzimadzi, monga mpweya wopanda mpweya, sungagwirizane ndi zinthu zina panthawi ya zochita za mankhwala ndipo umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza mlengalenga. Ngakhale mpweya wamadzimadzi, chifukwa cha kuchitapo kanthu kwakukulu, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala ndi njira zoyatsira.

Pakati pa mpweya wa mafakitale, mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi wosiyana chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yopangira okosijeni, makamaka pazochitika zomwe zimafuna kuyaka bwino komanso kuchitapo kanthu mwamphamvu kwa okosijeni. Makhalidwe a mpweya wosiyanasiyana wa mafakitale amawathandiza kuti azitha kuchita mbali zofunika kwambiri m'magawo awo ogwiritsira ntchito.

Kusamalira chilengedwe komanso kukhalitsa kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi

Ngakhale kuti mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga mpweya wa mafakitale, umagwira ntchito kwambiri, suyambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe kwenikweni. Mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la mlengalenga, zinthu zake zomaliza mu njira yochitira zinthu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zinthu zopanda vuto monga madzi kapena carbon dioxide. Komabe, njira yopangira mpweya wamadzimadzi imafuna mphamvu zambiri, makamaka mu njira yolekanitsa kuzizira kwambiri, kotero kukonza mphamvu yopangira mpweya wamadzimadzi ndikofunikira kwambiri poteteza chilengedwe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogwira mtima komanso kukonza kayendedwe ka ntchito, n'zotheka kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pamene mukuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kupanga mpweya wamadzi. Ndi chitukuko cha ukadaulo wa mphamvu zobiriwira, kupanga mpweya wamadzi kukuyembekezeka kukhala kosamalira chilengedwe komanso kokhazikika mtsogolo, zomwe zikupereka mpweya wabwino kwambiri wopangira mafakitale ndi moyo wa anthu.

Mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga mtundu wamadzimadzi wa mpweya, wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, m'mlengalenga, ndi m'zaumoyo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso mphamvu yake yopangira okosijeni. Ngakhale kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi kumafuna njira zodzitetezera kwambiri, ntchito yake yofunika kwambiri m'magawo ambiri siingasinthidwe. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi kukuyembekezeka kukhala kothandiza komanso kosamalira chilengedwe, motero kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu.

Ndife opanga ndi kutumiza kunja kwa chipangizo cholekanitsa mpweya. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za ife:

Munthu Wolumikizana Naye: Anna

Foni/Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com