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Oxygen wamadzimadzi ndi madzi otumbululuka abuluu omwe amatentha kwambiri, amakhala ndi kachulukidwe kwambiri komanso kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Malo otentha a okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi -183 ℃, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yokhazikika m'malo otentha kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mpweya wa mpweya. M'mawonekedwe amadzimadzi, kuchuluka kwa okosijeni kumakhala pafupifupi 1.14 g/cm³, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya wamadzimadzi ukhale wosavuta kusunga ndi kunyamula kuposa mpweya wa mpweya. Mpweya wamadzimadzi sikuti umakhala ndi mpweya wochuluka komanso uli ndi mphamvu zowonjezera okosijeni, zomwe zimatha kuchitapo kanthu mofulumira ndi zinthu zambiri zamoyo.

Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kumafunikira zida zapadera ndi miyeso panthawi yosungira ndi kuyendetsa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito zida zochepetsera kutentha kuti zisatenthe kutentha. Ndiwopanda fungo komanso alibe mtundu, koma chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kochepa kwambiri, okosijeni wamadzimadzi amatha kuyambitsa chisanu ndi zoopsa zina mthupi la munthu, chifukwa chake pamafunika chisamaliro chapadera pakugwira ntchito.

Kupanga ndi kupanga kwa oxygen yamadzimadzi

Kupanga kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito luso lakuya la cryogenic air kulekana, yomwe ndi njira yolekanitsa zigawo za mpweya kudzera kuzizira kozizira komanso kupanikizika koyenera. Mfundo yaikulu ya kulekanitsa mpweya wozama wa cryogenic ndikulekanitsa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za mpweya kutengera malo awo otentha. Choyamba, mpweya umakanizidwa, kenako kupyolera mu magawo angapo a kukula ndi kuzizira, mpweya umafika pang'onopang'ono kutentha kwambiri, ndipo pamapeto pake mpweya umalekanitsidwa ndi mpweya ndikusungunuka. Kupanga kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi kumafuna njira zoziziritsira bwino komanso zida zoyeretsera kuti zitsimikizire kuyera ndi kukhazikika kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi.

Ukadaulo wakuya wa cryogenic wolekanitsa mpweya sungathe kutulutsa mpweya wamadzimadzi komanso nthawi imodzi kupeza mpweya wina wotentha kwambiri monga nayitrogeni wamadzi ndi argon wamadzimadzi. Zogulitsazi zilinso ndi ntchito zambiri m'makampani. Kuyeretsedwa kwakukulu ndi kutsika kwa kutentha kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi kumapangitsa kukhala kofunikira m'mafakitale ambiri apadera.

Waukulu ntchito minda ya madzi mpweya

Mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwira ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri. Choyamba, m'munda wamlengalenga, okosijeni wamadzi ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi rocket oxidants, chifukwa imakhala ndi mpweya wambiri komanso mphamvu yothandizira kuyaka, yomwe imatha kuchitapo kanthu ndi mafuta mwachangu kuti ipange mphamvu zambiri zothamangitsira kuyambika kwa rocket. Kuphatikiza kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi haidrojeni yamadzimadzi imatchedwa imodzi mwama rocket propellants, ndipo kukankhira kwake kwamphamvu ndikuchita bwino kwambiri kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yokondedwa kwambiri muukadaulo wa zamlengalenga.

Kachiwiri, m'zachipatala, mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero lofunikira la okosijeni. Mpweya wamadzimadzi umasungidwa pamalo otsika kwambiri ndipo umatenthedwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mpweya wamankhwala, kuthandiza odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kupuma kuti apeze mpweya wokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo, uinjiniya wamankhwala, ndi magawo ena, makamaka pakuwotcha kwambiri komanso njira zopangira mankhwala, pomwe mphamvu yake yolimba ya okosijeni imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.

Njira zodzitetezera ku oxygen yamadzimadzi

Ngakhale okosijeni wamadzimadzi umagwira ntchito kwambiri, chifukwa chakuchitanso bwino komanso kutsika kwa kutentha, pali zoopsa zina zachitetezo. Choyamba, okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi oxidant amphamvu, omwe amatha kufulumizitsa kuyaka, chifukwa chake kuyenera kupewedwa kuti asakhudzidwe ndi zinthu zoyaka posungira ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, kutentha kochepa kwambiri kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi kungayambitse chisanu, choncho zida zoyenera zodzitetezera monga magolovesi osagwira kuzizira ndi masks ziyenera kuvalidwa panthawi ya opareshoni ya okosijeni wamadzimadzi kuti musavulaze khungu ndi maso.

Kusungidwa kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi kumafuna zotengera zapadera zomwe zimakhala ndi kutentha pang'ono, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zida zabwino zotsekereza kuti kutentha kwakunja kusalowe ndikupangitsa kutentha kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi kukwera. Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi ya vaporization ya okosijeni wamadzimadzi, imakula mwachangu ndikutulutsa mpweya wambiri, womwe ungayambitse kuwonjezereka kwa ndende ya okosijeni m'chilengedwe, ndikuwonjezera ngozi yamoto. Chifukwa chake, panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula mpweya wamadzimadzi, malamulo okhudzana ndi chitetezo ayenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa kuonetsetsa kuti malo ogwirira ntchito otetezeka komanso mpweya wabwino.

Kuyerekeza kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mpweya wina wamakampani

Mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi argon wamadzimadzi, amagawana zinthu zina zofanana, koma pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakugwiritsa ntchito ndi katundu. Malo otentha a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi -196 ℃, omwe ndi otsika kuposa a okosijeni wamadzimadzi, motero nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choziziritsa, pomwe okosijeni wamadzimadzi, chifukwa champhamvu zake zotulutsa okosijeni, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira kuyaka kapena okosijeni. Kuphatikiza apo, argon yamadzimadzi, monga mpweya wa inert, samakonda kuchita zinthu ndi zinthu zina panthawi yamagetsi ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poteteza mlengalenga. Ngakhale okosijeni wamadzimadzi, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mankhwala komanso kuyaka.

Pakati pa mipweya yamafakitale iyi, okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi wosiyana chifukwa champhamvu yake yotulutsa okosijeni, makamaka pazochitika zomwe zimafunikira kuyaka bwino komanso kuyatsa kwakukulu kwa okosijeni. Makhalidwe a mpweya wosiyanasiyana wa mafakitale amawathandiza kuti azigwira ntchito zazikulu m'magawo awo ogwiritsira ntchito.

The chilengedwe ubwenzi ndi zisathe amadzimadzi mpweya

Ngakhale okosijeni wamadzimadzi, monga gasi wa mafakitale, amakhala ndi mphamvu yochulukirapo pogwiritsira ntchito, sikuyambitsa kuipitsa chilengedwe kwenikweni. Oxygen, monga gawo lofunikira la mlengalenga, zinthu zake zomaliza zomwe zimapangidwira zimakhala zopanda vuto monga madzi kapena carbon dioxide. Komabe, kupanga mpweya wamadzimadzi kumafuna mphamvu zambiri, makamaka pakuya kozizira kolekanitsa, kotero kuwongolera mphamvu zamagetsi zamadzimadzi okosijeni ndikofunikira kwambiri pakuteteza chilengedwe.

Pogwiritsa ntchito zida zogwirira ntchito komanso kuwongolera kayendedwe kake, ndizotheka kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ndikuchepetsa kuwononga chilengedwe pakupanga mpweya wamadzimadzi. Ndi chitukuko chaukadaulo wamagetsi obiriwira, kupanga kwa okosijeni wamadzimadzi akuyembekezeka kukhala okonda zachilengedwe komanso osasunthika mtsogolomo, ndikupereka mpweya wabwino wopangira mafakitale ndi moyo wamunthu. Mapeto

Mpweya wamadzimadzi, ngati mpweya wamadzimadzi, wakhala ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale, zakuthambo, ndi chisamaliro chaumoyo chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso chikhalidwe champhamvu cha okosijeni. Ngakhale kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito okosijeni wamadzimadzi kumafunikira njira zodzitetezera, gawo lake lalikulu m'magawo ambiri silingalowe m'malo. M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, kupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wamadzimadzi kumayembekezereka kukhala kothandiza komanso kosamalira zachilengedwe, motero kukwaniritsa zosowa za anthu.

Ndife opanga ndi kutumiza kunja kwa gawo lolekanitsa mpweya. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za ife:

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