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Ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama ndi njira yolekanitsira zigawo zazikulu (nayitrogeni, mpweya ndi argon) mumlengalenga kudzera mu kutentha kochepa. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale monga zitsulo, mankhwala, mankhwala ndi zamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama ndi wozama kukufalikiranso kwambiri. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza mwatsatanetsatane njira yopangira mpweya wozama ndi wozama, kuphatikizapo mfundo yogwirira ntchito, zida zazikulu, njira zogwirira ntchito ndi momwe umagwiritsidwira ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Chidule cha Ukadaulo Wopatukana ndi Mpweya wa Cryogenic

Mfundo yaikulu yolekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic ndi kuziziritsa mpweya mpaka kutentha kochepa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri pansi pa -150°C), kuti zigawo zomwe zili mumlengalenga zitha kulekanitsidwa malinga ndi malo awo osiyanasiyana owira. Nthawi zambiri, chipangizo cholekanitsa mpweya wa cryogenic chimagwiritsa ntchito mpweya ngati zopangira ndipo chimadutsa munjira monga kupondereza, kuziziritsa, ndi kukulitsa, potsiriza kulekanitsa nayitrogeni, mpweya, ndi argon kuchokera mumlengalenga. Ukadaulo uwu ukhoza kupanga mpweya woyera kwambiri ndipo, powongolera molondola magawo a njira, umakwaniritsa zofunikira zokhwima za mtundu wa mpweya m'magawo osiyanasiyana amafakitale.

Chipangizo cholekanitsa mpweya chotchedwa cryogenic air leating chagawidwa m'magawo atatu akuluakulu: air compressor, air pre-cooler, ndi cold box. Air compressor imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukanikiza mpweya kufika pa mphamvu yapamwamba (nthawi zambiri 5-6 MPa), pre-cooler imachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya kudzera mu kuziziritsa, ndipo cold box ndiye gawo lalikulu la njira yonse yolekanitsa mpweya wotchedwa cryogenic air leating, kuphatikizapo fractionation tower, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti pakhale kulekanitsa mpweya.

Kupondereza mpweya ndi kuziziritsa

Kupondereza mpweya ndi gawo loyamba pakulekanitsa mpweya wozizira, makamaka cholinga chake ndi kupondereza mpweya pamlingo wa mlengalenga kufika pamlingo wapamwamba (nthawi zambiri 5-6 MPa). Mpweya ukalowa mu makina kudzera mu compressor, kutentha kwake kudzawonjezeka kwambiri chifukwa cha njira yopondereza. Chifukwa chake, njira zingapo zoziziritsira ziyenera kuchitika kuti muchepetse kutentha kwa mpweya woponderezedwa. Njira zodziwika bwino zoziziritsira zimaphatikizapo kuziziritsa madzi ndi kuziziritsa mpweya, ndipo kuziziritsa bwino kungatsimikizire kuti mpweya woponderezedwa subweretsa mavuto osafunikira pazida panthawi yokonza pambuyo pake.

Mpweya ukazizira kale, umalowa mu gawo lotsatira la kuziziritsa kusanachitike. Gawo loziziritsa nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni kapena nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ngati njira yoziziritsira, ndipo kudzera mu zida zosinthira kutentha, kutentha kwa mpweya wopanikizika kumachepetsedwa kwambiri, kukonzekera njira yotsatira ya cryogenic. Kudzera mu kuziziritsa kusanachitike, kutentha kwa mpweya kumatha kuchepetsedwa kufika pafupi ndi kutentha kwa liquefaction, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigawozo zisiyane mumlengalenga.

Kukula kwa kutentha kochepa komanso kulekanitsa mpweya

Mpweya ukakanikizidwa ndi kuziziritsidwa kale, gawo lotsatira lofunika kwambiri ndi kukulitsa kutentha kochepa komanso kulekanitsa mpweya. Kukulitsa kutentha kochepa kumachitika mwa kukulitsa mpweya wokanikizidwa mwachangu kudzera mu valavu yokulitsa kufika pa kupanikizika kwabwinobwino. Panthawi yokulitsa, kutentha kwa mpweya kudzatsika kwambiri, kufika pa kutentha kwa liquefaction. Nayitrogeni ndi mpweya mumlengalenga zidzayamba kusungunuka pa kutentha kosiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha kwawo.

Mu chipangizo cholekanitsa mpweya chotchedwa cryogenic air leating, mpweya wosungunuka umalowa mu bokosi lozizira, komwe nsanja yogawa mpweya ndiye gawo lofunika kwambiri pakulekanitsa mpweya. Mfundo yaikulu ya nsanja yogawa mpweya ndikugwiritsa ntchito kusiyana kwa ma boiling point a zigawo zosiyanasiyana mumlengalenga, kudzera mu mpweya womwe ukukwera ndi kugwa mu bokosi lozizira, kuti ukwaniritse kulekanitsa mpweya. Ma boiling point a nayitrogeni ndi -195.8°C, a oxygen ndi -183°C, ndi a argon ndi -185.7°C. Mwa kusintha kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwa mpweya mu nsanja, kulekanitsa mpweya bwino kungapezeke.

Njira yolekanitsira mpweya mu nsanja yogawa magawo imakhala yolondola kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, njira yogawa magawo iwiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutulutsa nayitrogeni, mpweya, ndi argon. Choyamba, nayitrogeni imalekanitsidwa pamwamba pa nsanja yogawa magawo, pomwe mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi argon zimayikidwa pansi. Kuti muwongolere magwiridwe antchito olekanitsa, choziziritsira ndi chobwezeretsanso mpweya zitha kuwonjezeredwa mu nsanjayo, zomwe zimatha kuwongolera bwino njira yogawanitsira mpweya.

Nayitrogeni wochotsedwa nthawi zambiri amakhala woyera kwambiri (woposa 99.99%), amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu metallurgy, makampani opanga mankhwala, ndi zamagetsi. Mpweya wa okosijeni umagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale azachipatala, mafakitale achitsulo, ndi mafakitale ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri omwe amafunikira mpweya. Argon, monga mpweya wosowa, nthawi zambiri amachotsedwa kudzera mu njira yolekanitsa mpweya, ndi woyera kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera, kusungunula, ndi kudula laser, pakati pa madera ena apamwamba. Dongosolo lowongolera lokha limatha kusintha magawo osiyanasiyana a njira malinga ndi zosowa zenizeni, kukonza magwiridwe antchito opangira, ndikuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kuphatikiza apo, kukonza bwino njira yolekanitsira mpweya wa deep cryogenic kumaphatikizaponso ukadaulo wosunga mphamvu ndi kuwongolera utsi. Mwachitsanzo, pobwezeretsa mphamvu yotsika kutentha mu dongosololi, zinyalala za mphamvu zitha kuchepetsedwa ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu moyenera kumatha kuwongoleredwa. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi malamulo okhwima kwambiri azachilengedwe, zida zamakono zolekanitsira mpweya wa deep cryogenic zikuganiziranso kwambiri kuchepetsa mpweya woipa komanso kukulitsa ubwino wa chilengedwe pakupanga.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kulekanitsa mpweya wozama kwambiri

Ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama kwambiri sumangokhala ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga mpweya wa mafakitale, komanso umagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana. M'mafakitale achitsulo, feteleza, ndi petrochemical, ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka mpweya woyera kwambiri monga mpweya ndi nayitrogeni, kuonetsetsa kuti njira zopangira zikuyenda bwino. Mumakampani amagetsi, nayitrogeni woperekedwa ndi mpweya wozama kwambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito powongolera mlengalenga popanga ma semiconductor. Mumakampani azachipatala, mpweya woyera kwambiri ndi wofunikira kwambiri pothandizira kupuma kwa odwala.

Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama kwambiri umagwiranso ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakusunga ndi kunyamula mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi. Muzochitika zomwe mpweya wopanikizika kwambiri sunganyamulidwe, mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi zimatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zoyendera.

Mapeto

Ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama, wokhala ndi mphamvu zogwira mtima komanso zolondola zolekanitsa mpweya, umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, njira yolekanitsa mpweya wozama idzakhala yanzeru komanso yogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa, pomwe ikuwonjezera chiyero cha kulekanitsa mpweya ndi kupanga bwino. M'tsogolomu, luso la ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozama poteteza chilengedwe ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu lidzakhalanso njira yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mafakitale.

Anna Tel./Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com