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Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni yamadzimadzi ndi zakumwa ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ndi kafukufuku. Chilichonse chili ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana komanso zapadera. Zonsezi zimapangidwa kudzera mu kulekanitsa mpweya, koma chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mankhwala ndi thupi, zimakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito. Nkhaniyi ifufuza momwe nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi okosijeni yamadzimadzi komanso kusiyana kwawo.

I. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi

Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imapezeka poziziritsa mpweya mpaka pansi pa kutentha kwa nayitrogeni. Gawo lake lalikulu ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni (N₂). Kapangidwe ka nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi kamapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza zinthu zotsatirazi:

Kuzizira ndi kusungidwa kotentha pang'ono

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi kuzizira ndi kusunga kutentha kochepa, makamaka m'munda wa biomedicine. Kutentha kwa nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi kumakhala kotsika kwambiri mpaka −196°C, komwe kumatha kuzizira minofu ya zamoyo, maselo, ndi mazira ndikusunga kwa nthawi yayitali, kuonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito. Ntchito izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pa kafukufuku wazachipatala, kuyika ziwalo, komanso kubereka nyama zoyesera.

Kuzizira kwa chakudya

Mu gawo lokonza chakudya, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira chakudya mwachangu, monga nsomba zam'madzi, nyama, ndi zipatso. Kuzizira nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi kumatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chakudya mwachangu, motero kuchepetsa mapangidwe a makristalo a ayezi ndikuteteza kukoma ndi thanzi la chakudya.

Kuziziritsa ndi kuzizira

Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri poziziritsa ndi kuwongolera kutentha kwa zida zamakanika. Mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati njira yoziziritsira kuti ichepetse kukangana ndi kutentha pakukonza kwamakina, potero imapangitsa kuti kukonza kukhale kolondola komanso kogwira mtima.

Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nayitrogeni Yochokera Mu Gasi: Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ingaperekenso mpweya wa nayitrogeni woyera kwambiri pambuyo poutentha, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga mankhwala ngati mpweya woteteza kuti zinthu zovulaza zisawonongeke.

II. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mpweya Wamadzimadzi

Gawo lalikulu la mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mpweya (O₂), womwe umapezekanso kudzera muukadaulo wolekanitsa wa deep cryogenic. Mpweya, monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira moyo ndi zochita za mankhwala, umagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana, makamaka m'mbali zotsatirazi:

Mpweya wa okosijeni wazachipatala

Mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala ndi m'zipatala zadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapereka mpweya wambiri kwa odwala kuti athandize kupuma. Makamaka pochiza matenda opuma, mpweya wokwanira ndi wofunika kwambiri. Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi wochepa, uli ndi mpweya wambiri, wosavuta kusunga ndi kunyamula, ndipo ndi umodzi mwa mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mpweya wokwanira kuchipatala.

Chowonjezera mphamvu ya mafakitale

Mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati okosijeni m'mafakitale, makamaka posungunula zitsulo ndi kupanga mankhwala. Mpweya wamadzimadzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandiza kuyaka, kuwonjezera kutentha kwa kuyaka komanso kugwira ntchito bwino. Mwachitsanzo, popanga chitsulo, mpweya umalowetsedwa m'madzi achitsulo chosungunuka kuti achotse zinyalala ndikuwonjezera kuyera kwa chitsulo.

Kuyendetsa ndege ndi roketi

Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mafuta othandizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makina oyendetsa ma roketi, osakanikirana ndi mafuta amadzimadzi (monga hydrogen wamadzimadzi) kuti ayake, zomwe zimapangitsa mphamvu zambiri zoyendetsera ma roketi mumlengalenga. Mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zoyatsira mpweya zimapangitsa mpweya wamadzimadzi kukhala wofunikira kwambiri mumakampani opanga ndege.

III. Kusiyana pakati pa Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi ndi Mpweya Wamadzimadzi

Ngakhale kuti kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi mpweya wamadzimadzi n'kosiyana, kuli ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pa chilengedwe ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito.

1. Kapangidwe kake: Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ili ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni (N₂), pomwe mpweya wamadzimadzi uli ndi mpweya wa okosijeni (O₂).

2. Kuchulukana: Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi yokhuthala kuposa mpweya wamadzimadzi.

3. Kuwira: Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imakhala ndi kuwira kochepa kuposa mpweya wamadzimadzi.

4. Kagwiritsidwe: Nayitrogeni yamadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozizira ndi kusunga, pomwe mpweya wamadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati okosijeni ndi chotenthetsera.

Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi yopanda mphamvu kwenikweni, yokhala ndi kapangidwe kokhazikika ka mamolekyulu komwe kumapangitsa kuti isachitike ndi zinthu zina. Kapangidwe kameneka kamalola kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mpweya woteteza ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri zamakemikolo ndi mafakitale. Kumbali ina, mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi wowonjezera mphamvu kwambiri wokhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakemikolo, ndipo umakhala ndi zochita zambiri zamakemikolo ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri munjira zoyaka ndi zotenthetsera.

Makhalidwe a kutentha

Kutentha kwa nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi kumakhala kotsika kuposa kwa mpweya wamadzimadzi (nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi -196°C, mpweya wamadzimadzi -183°C), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuziziritsidwa ndi kusungidwa kutentha kochepa. Ngakhale kuti mpweya wamadzimadzi ulinso m'gulu la zakumwa zoziziritsa kukhosi, mphamvu yake yotsika kutentha si yabwino ngati ya nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi. Chifukwa chake, mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyaka ndi kusungunuka m'malo mosungira cryogenic.

Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa siimayambitsa matenda a mankhwala. Zoopsa zazikulu ndi kuvulala kozizira chifukwa cha kutentha kochepa komanso kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya m'malo mwake, zomwe zingayambitse kupuma. Ngakhale mpweya wamadzimadzi, monga wowonjezera kutentha, uyenera kusungidwa kutali ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka monga mafuta kuti upewe ngozi zoyaka ndi kuphulika. Chifukwa chake, umafunika kusamala kwambiri ukagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni yamadzimadzi ndi zakumwa ziwiri zofunika kwambiri pa kutentha kochepa. Ngakhale zonsezi zimapangidwa kudzera mu kulekanitsa mpweya, chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mankhwala ndi thupi lawo, magawo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ali ndi cholinga chosiyana. Nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, yokhala ndi kusakhalapo kwake komanso mawonekedwe ake otsika kutentha, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusunga kuzizira, kukonza chakudya, ndi kuziziritsa mafakitale, ndi zina zotero. Ngakhale kuti okosijeni yamadzimadzi, kudalira mphamvu zake zopangitsa kuti isungunuke, imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popereka okosijeni kuchipatala, okosijeni ya mafakitale, ndi kuyendetsa ndege, ndi zina zotero. Mu ntchito zenizeni, kugwiritsa ntchito nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni yamadzimadzi kumafuna kuganizira mokwanira za makhalidwe awo ndi chitetezo chawo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino.

Ndife opanga ndi kutumiza kunja kwa chipangizo cholekanitsa mpweya. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za ife:

Munthu Wolumikizana Naye: Anna

Foni/Whatsapp/Wechat:+86-18758589723

Email :anna.chou@hznuzhuo.com