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Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi zakumwa ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani ndi kafukufuku. Iliyonse ili ndi machitidwe ake osiyanasiyana komanso apadera. Onsewa amapangidwa kudzera pakulekanitsa kwa mpweya, koma chifukwa cha kusiyanasiyana kwawo kwamankhwala ndi thupi, ali ndi mikhalidwe yosiyana pakugwiritsa ntchito bwino. Nkhaniyi iwunika momwe ma nayitrogeni amadzimadzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito ndi okosijeni wamadzimadzi komanso kusiyana kwawo.

I. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Nayitrogeni Yamadzimadzi

Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amapezedwa mwa kuziziritsa mpweya mpaka pansi pa kuwira kwa nayitrogeni. Chigawo chake chachikulu ndi mpweya wa nayitrogeni (N₂). Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa nayitrogeni wamadzi kumapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri, makamaka kuphatikiza izi:

Kuzizira kocheperako komanso kusunga

Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndikuzizira kozizira komanso kusungika, makamaka pankhani ya biomedicine. Kutentha kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kumatsika mpaka -196 ° C, komwe kumatha kuzizira mwachangu minyewa, ma cell, ndi mazira ndikuzisunga kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwonetsetsa ntchito yawo. Ntchitozi ndizofunika kwambiri pakufufuza zamankhwala, kuyika ziwalo, komanso kuyesa kuŵeta nyama.

Kuzizira kwa chakudya

M’malo opangira zakudya, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira msanga chakudya, monga nsomba za m’nyanja, nyama, ndi zipatso. Kuzizira kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kumatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa chakudya, potero kumachepetsa mapangidwe a ayezi komanso kuteteza kukoma ndi zakudya zamtengo wapatali.

Kuziziritsa ndi firiji

Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri kuziziritsa ndi kuwongolera kutentha kwa zida zamakina. Mwachitsanzo, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati sing'anga yozizira kuti achepetse kukangana ndi kutentha pamakina, potero kuwongolera kulondola komanso kuchita bwino.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa nayitrogeni: Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi angaperekenso mpweya woyenga kwambiri wa nayitrogeni pambuyo pa vaporization, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani opanga mankhwala ngati gasi woteteza kuletsa kuyabwa kwa zinthu zovulaza.

II. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Liquid Oxygen

Chigawo chachikulu cha okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni (O₂), womwe umapezekanso kudzera muukadaulo wakuzama wa cryogenic. Mpweya wa okosijeni, monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira moyo ndi kachitidwe ka mankhwala, umakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, makamaka zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muzinthu izi:

Kupereka okosijeni wamankhwala

Mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zipatala ndi chisamaliro chadzidzidzi, kupereka mpweya wochuluka kwambiri kwa odwala kuti athandize kupuma. Makamaka pochiza matenda opuma, mpweya wa okosijeni ndi wofunika kwambiri. Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi wocheperako, wokhala ndi okosijeni wambiri, womwe uyenera kusungidwa ndi kunyamula, ndipo ndi imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimakonda zoperekera mpweya wamankhwala.

Industrial oxidant

Mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati okosijeni m'makampani, makamaka pakusungunula zitsulo ndi kupanga mankhwala. Mpweya wamadzimadzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuthandizira kuyaka, kuonjezera kutentha kwakuya komanso kuchita bwino. Mwachitsanzo, popanga zitsulo, mpweya wa okosijeni umalowetsedwa m’madzi osungunula achitsulocho kuti achotse zinthu zosafunika komanso kuti chitsulocho chikhale choyera.

Kuthamanga kwa ndege ndi rocket

Mpweya wamadzimadzi ndi mafuta owonjezera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamakina oyendetsa roketi, osakanizidwa ndi mafuta amadzimadzi (monga hydrogen yamadzimadzi) poyaka, kutulutsa mphamvu zambiri zothamangitsira maroketi mumlengalenga. Kuwotcha kwake kothandiza kwambiri kumapangitsa mpweya wamadzimadzi kukhala wofunikira kwambiri pamakampani azamlengalenga.

III. Kusiyana pakati pa Liquid Nitrogen ndi Liquid Oxygen

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni wamadzimadzi kumakhala kosiyana, amasiyana kwambiri ndi chilengedwe komanso kagwiritsidwe ntchito. Makamaka:

1. Mapangidwe: Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amakhala ndi mpweya wa nitrogen (N₂), pomwe mpweya wamadzimadzi uli ndi mpweya wa oxygen (O₂).

2. Kachulukidwe: Nayitrojeni wamadzimadzi ndi wochuluka kuposa mpweya wamadzimadzi.

3. Powira: Nayitrojeni wamadzimadzi amakhala ndi malo ocheperako kuwira kuposa mpweya wamadzimadzi.

4. Kagwiritsidwe: Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuzizira ndi kusungidwa, pamene mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati okosijeni ndi pulopelanti. Mankhwala katundu

Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amakhala wokhazikika, wokhala ndi mawonekedwe okhazikika a mamolekyulu omwe amapangitsa kuti zisadzachitikenso ndi zinthu zina. Katunduyu amalola kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gasi woteteza komanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri zama mankhwala ndi mafakitale. Kumbali ina, okosijeni wamadzimadzi ndi oxidizer amphamvu okhala ndi reactivity yapamwamba yamankhwala, ndipo amakonda kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuyaka ndi kuyatsa.

Makhalidwe a kutentha

Malo otentha a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi mpweya wa okosijeni wamadzimadzi (nayitrogeni wamadzi -196°C, okosijeni wamadzi -183°C), kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kuziziritsa ndi kusungidwa kutentha kochepa. Ngakhale kuti okosijeni wamadzimadzi amakhalanso m'gulu la zakumwa za cryogenic, kutentha kwake kochepa sikofanana ndi kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi. Choncho, mpweya wamadzimadzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyaka ndi kuyatsa m'malo mosungira cryogenic. Chitetezo

Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi wotetezeka kugwiritsa ntchito chifukwa samakonda kukhudzidwa ndi mankhwala. Zowopsa zazikulu ndi kuvulala kozizira chifukwa cha kutentha pang'ono komanso kulowetsa mpweya m'malo, zomwe zingayambitse asphyxiation. Ngakhale okosijeni wamadzimadzi, monga oxidizer, ayenera kusungidwa kutali ndi zinthu zoyaka monga mafuta kuti ateteze kuyaka ndi ngozi za kuphulika. Choncho, pamafunika kusamala kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito.

Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndi okosijeni wamadzi ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika zomwe sizimatentha kwambiri. Ngakhale onse amapangidwa kudzera kupatukana kwa mpweya, chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mankhwala ndi thupi, magawo awo ogwiritsira ntchito amakhala ndi malingaliro osiyanasiyana. Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, ndi makhalidwe ake inertness ndi otsika kutentha, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu yozizira koopsa kuteteza, processing chakudya, ndi kuzirala mafakitale, etc. Ngakhale madzi okosijeni, kudalira katundu wake oxidizing, makamaka ntchito mankhwala mpweya kotunga, makutidwe ndi okosijeni, ndi ndege propulsion, etc. Mu ntchito zothandiza, ntchito madzi asafe nayitrogeni ndi ntchito yamadzimadzi kuonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira ndi makhalidwe awo amadzimadzi kuonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira ndi okosijeni.

Ndife opanga ndi kutumiza kunja kwa gawo lolekanitsa mpweya. Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri za ife:

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