HANGZHOU NUZHUO TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO.,LTD.

Wolemba: Lukas Bijikli, Woyang'anira Zogulitsa, Ma Integrated Gear Drives, R&D CO2 Compression and Heat Pumps, Siemens Energy.
Kwa zaka zambiri, Integrated Gear Compressor (IGC) yakhala ukadaulo wosankhidwa kwambiri pa mafakitale olekanitsa mpweya. Izi makamaka chifukwa cha kugwira ntchito bwino kwawo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zogulira mpweya, nayitrogeni ndi mpweya wosagwira ntchito zichepe. Komabe, kuyang'ana kwambiri pa kuchotsa mpweya woipa m'mlengalenga kumabweretsa zofunikira zatsopano pa ma IPC, makamaka pankhani ya kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kusinthasintha kwa malamulo. Ndalama zogulira zinthu zikupitilira kukhala chinthu chofunikira kwa ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale, makamaka m'mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono ndi apakatikati.
M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, Siemens Energy yayambitsa mapulojekiti angapo ofufuza ndi chitukuko (R&D) omwe cholinga chake ndi kukulitsa luso la IGC kuti likwaniritse zosowa zomwe msika wolekanitsa mpweya ukusintha. Nkhaniyi ikuwonetsa kusintha kwa kapangidwe komwe tapanga ndipo ikufotokoza momwe kusinthaku kungathandizire kukwaniritsa zolinga za makasitomala athu zochepetsera mtengo ndi mpweya.
Magawo ambiri olekanitsa mpweya masiku ano ali ndi ma compressor awiri: main air compressor (MAC) ndi boost air compressor (BAC). Main air compressor nthawi zambiri amakanikiza mpweya wonse kuchokera ku mlengalenga mpaka pafupifupi 6 bar. Gawo la mpweyawu limakanizidwanso mu BAC mpaka kufika pa 60 bar.
Kutengera ndi gwero la mphamvu, compressor nthawi zambiri imayendetsedwa ndi turbine ya nthunzi kapena mota yamagetsi. Pogwiritsa ntchito turbine ya nthunzi, ma compressor onsewa amayendetsedwa ndi turbine yomweyo kudzera m'malekezero awiri a shaft. Mu dongosolo lakale, giya lapakati limayikidwa pakati pa turbine ya nthunzi ndi HAC (Chithunzi 1).
Mu makina oyendetsedwa ndi magetsi komanso oyendetsedwa ndi nthunzi, mphamvu ya compressor ndi njira yamphamvu yochotsera mpweya woipa chifukwa imakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu kwa chipangizocho. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa ma MGP oyendetsedwa ndi ma turbine a nthunzi, chifukwa kutentha kwakukulu kopangira nthunzi kumapezeka mu ma boilers oyendetsedwa ndi mafuta.
Ngakhale kuti ma mota amagetsi amapereka njira ina yobiriwira m'malo mwa ma turbine oyendera nthunzi, nthawi zambiri pamakhala kufunikira kwakukulu kwa kusinthasintha kwa kayendetsedwe ka mphamvu. Malo ambiri olekanitsa mpweya omwe akumangidwa masiku ano ali ndi gridi ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku Australia, pali mapulani omanga malo angapo obiriwira a ammonia omwe adzagwiritse ntchito ma unit olekanitsa mpweya (ASUs) kuti apange nayitrogeni kuti apange ammonia ndipo akuyembekezeka kulandira magetsi kuchokera ku minda yapafupi ya mphepo ndi dzuwa. Pa malo amenewa, kusinthasintha kwa malamulo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zithandizire kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe pakupanga magetsi.
Siemens Energy idapanga IGC yoyamba (yomwe kale inkadziwika kuti VK) mu 1948. Masiku ano kampaniyo imapanga mayunitsi opitilira 2,300 padziko lonse lapansi, ambiri mwa iwo adapangidwira ntchito zokhala ndi liwiro loyenda lopitirira 400,000 m3/h. Ma MGP athu amakono ali ndi liwiro loyenda lofika mpaka 1.2 miliyoni cubic meters pa ola limodzi m'nyumba imodzi. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma compressor opanda magiya okhala ndi ma pressure ratios mpaka 2.5 kapena kuposerapo m'ma single-stage versions ndi ma pressure ratios mpaka 6 m'ma series versions.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuti tikwaniritse zosowa zomwe zikuchulukirachulukira za IGC, kusinthasintha kwa malamulo, komanso ndalama zogulira zinthu, tapanga kusintha kwakukulu pamapangidwe, komwe kwafotokozedwa mwachidule pansipa.
Mphamvu yosinthasintha ya ma impeller angapo omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri mu gawo loyamba la MAC imawonjezeka mwa kusintha mawonekedwe a tsamba. Ndi impeller yatsopanoyi, mphamvu yosinthasintha ya mpaka 89% ikhoza kupezeka pophatikizana ndi ma LS diffusers achikhalidwe komanso opitilira 90% pophatikizana ndi mbadwo watsopano wa ma hybrid diffusers.
Kuphatikiza apo, impeller ili ndi nambala ya Mach yoposa 1.3, yomwe imapereka gawo loyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi chiŵerengero cha kupsinjika. Izi zimachepetsanso mphamvu zomwe magiya mu machitidwe a MAC a magawo atatu ayenera kutumiza, zomwe zimathandiza kugwiritsa ntchito magiya ang'onoang'ono a diameter ndi ma gearbox oyendetsera mwachindunji mu magawo oyamba.
Poyerekeza ndi chotenthetsera cha LS vane chachikhalidwe cha nthawi zonse, chotenthetsera cha hybrid cha m'badwo wotsatira chili ndi mphamvu yowonjezera ya 2.5% ndi control factor ya 3%. Kuwonjezeka kumeneku kumachitika posakaniza masamba (monga masamba amagawidwa m'magawo a kutalika konse ndi kutalika pang'ono). Mu kasinthidwe aka
Kutuluka kwa madzi pakati pa impeller ndi diffuser kumachepetsedwa ndi gawo la kutalika kwa tsamba lomwe lili pafupi ndi impeller kuposa masamba a LS diffuser wamba. Monga momwe zimakhalira ndi LS diffuser wamba, m'mphepete mwa masamba athunthu muli kutali ndi impeller kuti mupewe kuyanjana kwa impeller ndi diffuser komwe kungawononge masambawo.
Kukweza pang'ono kutalika kwa masamba pafupi ndi impeller kumathandizanso kuti kayendedwe ka madzi kayende pafupi ndi malo ozungulira mpweya. Chifukwa chakuti m'mphepete mwa gawo la vane lonse mulifupi mwake muli mainchesi ofanana ndi a LS diffuser wamba, mzere wa throttle sukhudzidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito ndikusintha.
Kulowetsa madzi kumaphatikizapo kulowetsa madontho a madzi mu mpweya womwe uli mu chubu chokoka madzi. Madonthowo amasanduka nthunzi ndi kuyamwa kutentha kuchokera mu mpweya womwe umachokera, motero amachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya wolowera mpaka kufika pa gawo lopanikizika. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya isentropic ichepe komanso kuti mphamvu yamagetsi iwonjezereke ndi yoposa 1%.
Kulimbitsa giya kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera kupsinjika kovomerezeka pa gawo lililonse, zomwe zimakupatsani mwayi wochepetsa m'lifupi mwa dzino. Izi zimachepetsa kutayika kwa makina mu giya ndi 25%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito onse apitirire mpaka 0.5%. Kuphatikiza apo, ndalama zazikulu zokonzetsera zitha kuchepetsedwa ndi 1% chifukwa chitsulo chochepa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu giya lalikulu.
Impeller iyi imatha kugwira ntchito ndi flow coefficient (φ) yofika pa 0.25 ndipo imapereka mutu wochulukirapo ndi 6% kuposa ma impeller a madigiri 65. Kuphatikiza apo, flow coefficient imafika pa 0.25, ndipo mu kapangidwe ka makina a IGC kawiri, volumetric flow imafika pa 1.2 miliyoni m3/h kapena ngakhale 2.4 miliyoni m3/h.
Kuchuluka kwa phi kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito impeller yaying'ono ya mainchesi pa voliyumu yomweyo, motero kuchepetsa mtengo wa compressor yayikulu ndi 4%. M'mimba mwake wa impeller ya gawo loyamba mutha kuchepetsedwa kwambiri.
Mutu wapamwamba umatheka ndi ngodya ya 75° impeller deflection, yomwe imawonjezera liwiro lozungulira pamalo otulukira ndipo motero imapereka mutu wapamwamba malinga ndi equation ya Euler.
Poyerekeza ndi ma impeller othamanga kwambiri komanso ogwira ntchito bwino, mphamvu ya impeller imachepa pang'ono chifukwa cha kutayika kwakukulu kwa volute. Izi zitha kulipidwa pogwiritsa ntchito nkhono yapakatikati. Komabe, ngakhale popanda ma volute awa, mphamvu yosinthika mpaka 87% ikhoza kupezeka pa nambala ya Mach ya 1.0 ndi coefficient yoyenda ya 0.24.
Volute yaying'ono imakulolani kupewa kugundana ndi ma volute ena pamene kukula kwa giya lalikulu kwachepa. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kusunga ndalama posintha kuchoka pa mota ya 6-pole kupita ku mota ya 4-pole yothamanga kwambiri (1000 rpm mpaka 1500 rpm) popanda kupitirira liwiro lovomerezeka la giya. Kuphatikiza apo, imatha kuchepetsa ndalama zogwiritsira ntchito magiya ozungulira ndi akuluakulu.
Ponseponse, compressor yayikulu imatha kusunga ndalama zokwana 2%, ndipo injini imathanso kusunga ndalama zokwana 2%. Popeza ma volute ang'onoang'ono sagwira ntchito bwino, chisankho chogwiritsa ntchito chimadalira kwambiri zomwe kasitomala akufuna (mtengo poyerekeza ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito) ndipo chiyenera kuyesedwa pa projekiti iliyonse.
Kuti muwonjezere mphamvu zowongolera, IGV ikhoza kuyikidwa patsogolo pa magawo angapo. Izi zikusiyana kwambiri ndi mapulojekiti am'mbuyomu a IGC, omwe adangophatikizapo ma IGV mpaka gawo loyamba.
Mu ma reterations oyambirira a IGC, vortex coefficient (monga, ngodya ya IGV yachiwiri yogawidwa ndi ngodya ya IGV1 yoyamba) inakhalabe yofanana mosasamala kanthu kuti kuyenda kunali patsogolo (ngodya > 0°, kuchepetsa mutu) kapena vortex yobwerera (ngodya < 0). °, kuthamanga kumawonjezeka). Izi ndizoyipa chifukwa chizindikiro cha ngodya chimasintha pakati pa vortices zabwino ndi zoipa.
Kapangidwe katsopano kamalola kuti ma vortex ratios awiri osiyana agwiritsidwe ntchito makinawo akamayendetsa vortex kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, motero amawonjezera mphamvu yolamulira ndi 4% pamene akugwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse.
Mwa kugwiritsa ntchito LS diffuser ya impeller yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu BACs, mphamvu ya magawo ambiri imatha kuwonjezeka kufika pa 89%. Izi, kuphatikiza ndi kusintha kwina kwa mphamvu, zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo a BAC pomwe zimasunga mphamvu ya sitima yonse. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magawo kumachotsa kufunikira kwa intercooler, mapaipi a gasi okhudzana ndi njira yolumikizirana, ndi zigawo za rotor ndi stator, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ndalama zisungidwe ndi 10%. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri n'zotheka kuphatikiza compressor yayikulu ya mpweya ndi compressor yolimbikitsira mu makina amodzi.
Monga tanenera kale, giya yapakati nthawi zambiri imafunika pakati pa turbine ya nthunzi ndi VAC. Ndi kapangidwe katsopano ka IGC kuchokera ku Siemens Energy, giya iyi yoyimirira ikhoza kuphatikizidwa mu gearbox powonjezera shaft yoyimirira pakati pa pinion shaft ndi giya yayikulu (magiya 4). Izi zitha kuchepetsa mtengo wonse wa mzere (compressor yayikulu kuphatikiza zida zothandizira) ndi 4%.
Kuphatikiza apo, magiya a 4-pinion ndi njira ina yabwino kwambiri m'malo mwa ma compact scroll motors posinthira kuchoka pa ma 6-pole kupita ku 4-pole motors mu main air compressors akuluakulu (ngati pali kuthekera kwa kugundana kwa volute kapena ngati liwiro lalikulu lovomerezeka la pinion lidzachepetsedwa).
Kugwiritsa ntchito kwawo kukuchulukirachulukira m'misika ingapo yofunika kwambiri pakuchotsa mpweya m'mafakitale, kuphatikizapo mapampu otenthetsera ndi kupondereza nthunzi, komanso kupondereza kwa CO2 pakukonza, kugwiritsa ntchito ndi kusunga mpweya (CCUS).
Kampani ya Siemens Energy yakhala ndi mbiri yakale yopanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ma IGC. Monga momwe zasonyezedwera ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko zomwe zili pamwambapa (ndi zina), tadzipereka kupitiliza kupanga makina awa kuti akwaniritse zosowa zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito ndikukwaniritsa zosowa za msika zomwe zikukula kuti pakhale ndalama zochepa, magwiridwe antchito ambiri komanso kukhazikika kwabwino. KT2