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Popeza kusowa kwa mpweya wokwanira m'chipatala kuti uthandize odwala a Covid-19 mdzikolo, bungwe la Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IIT-B) lakhazikitsa fakitale yowonetsera kuti isinthe makina opangira nayitrogeni omwe ali ku India konse mwa kukonza fakitale yomwe ilipo kale ya nayitrogeni yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ngati makina opangira mpweya.
Mpweya wopangidwa ndi chomera mu labotale ya IIT-B unayesedwa ndipo unapezeka kuti ndi woyera ndi 93-96% pa mphamvu ya mpweya wa 3.5 atmospheres.
Makina opangira nayitrogeni, omwe amatenga mpweya kuchokera mumlengalenga ndikulekanitsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni kuti apange nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi, amapezeka m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana kuphatikizapo mafuta ndi gasi, chakudya ndi zakumwa. Nayitrogeni ndi youma ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poyeretsa ndi kuyeretsa matanki a mafuta ndi gasi.
Pulofesa Milind Etri, Wapampando wa Uinjiniya wa Makina, IIT-B, pamodzi ndi Tata Consulting Engineers Limited (TCE) adapereka umboni wa lingaliro la kusintha mwachangu kwa chomera cha nayitrogeni kukhala chomera cha okosijeni.
Chomera cha nayitrogeni chimagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa pressure swing adsorption (PSA) kuti chiyamwitse mpweya wa mumlengalenga, kusefa zinyalala, kenako n’kubwezeretsa nayitrogeni. Mpweya wa okosijeni umabwereranso mumlengalenga ngati chinthu china. Chomera cha nayitrogeni chimakhala ndi zinthu zinayi: compressor yowongolera kuthamanga kwa mpweya, chidebe cha mpweya chosefera zinyalala, chipangizo chamagetsi cholekanitsa, ndi chidebe chosungiramo zinthu komwe nayitrogeni wolekanitsidwayo adzaperekedwa ndikusungidwa.
Magulu a Atrey ndi TCE adapereka lingaliro loti ma fyuluta omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito potulutsa nayitrogeni mu PSA asinthidwe ndi ma fyuluta omwe amatha kutulutsa mpweya.
"Mu chomera cha nayitrogeni, mpweya umayendetsedwa kenako umayeretsedwa ku zinthu zodetsa monga nthunzi ya madzi, mafuta, carbon dioxide ndi ma hydrocarbon. Pambuyo pake, mpweya woyeretsedwawo umalowa mu chipinda cha PSA chokhala ndi ma sieve a carbon molecular kapena zosefera zomwe zimatha kulekanitsa nayitrogeni ndi mpweya. Tikupangira kuti musinthe sieve ndi sieve yomwe imatha kulekanitsa mpweya," adatero Etry, katswiri wa cryogenics komanso director of research and development ku IIT-B.
Gululo linasintha ma sieve a molekyulu ya kaboni mu chomera cha PSA nitrogen cha Institute's Refrigeration and Cryogenics Laboratory ndi ma sieve a zeolite molekyulu. Ma sieve a molekyulu a Zeolite amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulekanitsa mpweya ndi mpweya. Mwa kulamulira kuchuluka kwa madzi m'chombocho, ofufuzawo adatha kusintha chomera cha nayitrogeni kukhala chomera chopanga mpweya. Spantech Engineers, opanga zomera za PSA nitrogen ndi oxygen mumzindawu, adatenga nawo gawo mu projekiti yoyeserayi ndipo adayika zigawo zofunikira za chomera mu mawonekedwe a block ku IIT-B kuti ziwunikidwe.
Cholinga cha polojekitiyi ndi kupeza njira zothetsera vuto la kusowa kwa mpweya m'zipatala mdziko lonselo.
Amit Sharma, Mtsogoleri Wamkulu wa TCE, anati: "Ntchito yoyeserayi ikuwonetsa momwe njira yatsopano yopangira okosijeni yadzidzidzi pogwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zomwe zilipo kale ingathandizire dzikolo kuthana ndi vuto lomwe lilipo."
"Zinatitengera masiku atatu kuti tikonzekerenso. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yomwe ingathe kutha mwachangu m'masiku ochepa. Zomera za nayitrogeni mdziko lonselo zitha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu kusintha zomera zawo kukhala zomera za okosijeni," adatero Etry.
Kafukufuku woyeserera, womwe unalengezedwa Lachinayi m'mawa, wakopa chidwi cha andale ambiri. "Talandira chidwi kuchokera kwa akuluakulu ambiri aboma osati ku Maharashtra kokha komanso kudera lonselo pa momwe izi zingakulitsidwire ndikukhazikitsidwa m'mafakitale omwe alipo a nayitrogeni. Pakadali pano tikuchepetsa njira yathu kuti tithandize zomera zomwe zilipo kuti zitsatire chitsanzo ichi." Atrey anawonjezera.