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Nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, wokhala ndi fomula yamankhwala N₂, ndi madzi opanda mtundu, osanunkhiza, komanso opanda poizoni omwe amapezeka mwa kukhetsa nayitrogeni kudzera mukuzizira kwambiri. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pofufuza zasayansi, zamankhwala, mafakitale, ndi kuzizira kwa chakudya chifukwa cha kutentha kwake kotsika kwambiri komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Ndiye, kodi nayitrogeni wamadzi amapangidwa bwanji? Nkhaniyi ipereka yankho latsatanetsatane ku funsoli kuchokera m'mbali zingapo: kuchotsa nayitrogeni, njira yolekanitsa mpweya wozizira kwambiri, njira yopangira madzi a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwake.

Kutulutsa nayitrogeni

Kupanga nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kumafunika sitepe yoyamba yopezera nayitrogeni weniweni. Nayitrojeni ndiye gawo lalikulu la mlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi, lomwe limawerengera 78% ya mpweya. Kutulutsa nayitrogeni kumachitika pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wolekanitsa mpweya wozizira kwambiri kapena njira za Press Swing Adsorption (PSA). Kulekanitsa mpweya wozizira kwambiri ndiyo njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale. Mwa kukanikiza ndi kuziziritsa mpweya, umalekanitsa mpweya, nayitrogeni, ndi zigawo zina za mpweya pa kutentha kosiyana. Njira yotsatsira ma swing adsorption imagwiritsa ntchito ma adsorption osiyanasiyana a ma adsorbents pamipweya yosiyana siyana, kupeza nayitrogeni woyenga kwambiri kudzera mumayendedwe adsorption ndi desorption. Njirazi zimatsimikizira chiyero ndi mtundu wa nayitrogeni monga zopangira zopangira madzi a nayitrogeni.

Njira yosiyanitsira mpweya wozizira kwambiri

Njira yosiyanitsira mpweya wozizira kwambiri ndi imodzi mwamasitepe ofunikira popanga nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wowiritsa wosiyanasiyana wa mumpweya kuti usungunuke ndikusintha pang'onopang'ono nayitrogeni, mpweya, ndi zigawo zina za gasi. Malo otentha a nayitrogeni ndi -195.8 ℃, pomwe a oxygen ndi -183 ℃. Mwa kutsitsa kutentha pang'onopang'ono, mpweya umasungunuka poyamba ndikulekanitsidwa ndi mpweya wina, ndikusiya mbali yotsalayo kukhala nitrogen yoyera kwambiri. Pambuyo pake, nayitrogeniyu amazizidwanso pansi pa kuwira kwake kuti asungunuke kukhala nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi, womwe ndi mfundo yayikulu yamadzimadzi a nitrogen.

Njira yopangira nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi

Njira yopangira nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi imaphatikizapo njira zingapo zazikulu: Choyamba, mpweya umaunikiridwa ndi kuyeretsedwa kuchotsa zonyansa monga madzi ndi carbon dioxide; ndiye, mpweya chisanadze utakhazikika, kawirikawiri mozungulira -100 ℃ kusintha dzuwa kulekana; Kenako, kwambiri ozizira kulekana ikuchitika, pang'onopang'ono kuzirala mpweya kwa liquefaction kutentha nayitrogeni kupeza madzi nayitrogeni mpweya. Pochita izi, zosinthira kutentha ndi nsanja zogawikana zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kulekanitsa koyenera kwa zigawo zosiyanasiyana pa kutentha koyenera. Pomaliza, mpweya wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi umasungidwa m'mitsuko yopangidwa mwapadera kuti ukhalebe wotentha kwambiri komanso kupewa kutayika kwa vaporization.

Mavuto aukadaulo pakupanga nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi

Mapangidwe a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amafunikira kuthana ndi zovuta zingapo zaukadaulo. Choyamba ndi kukonza malo osatentha kwambiri, chifukwa madzi otentha a nayitrogeni amakhala otsika kwambiri. Pa ndondomeko liquefaction m'pofunika kusunga kutentha m'munsimu -195.8 ℃, amene amafuna mkulu-ntchito zipangizo firiji ndi kutchinjiriza zipangizo. Kachiwiri, panthawi yozizira kwambiri, mpweya wochuluka uyenera kupewedwa chifukwa mpweya wamadzimadzi uli ndi mphamvu zotulutsa okosijeni ndipo ukhoza kuwononga chitetezo. Choncho, panthawi yopanga mapangidwe, njira yolekanitsa ya nayitrogeni-oxygen iyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino, ndipo zipangizo zoyenera ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi kukhazikika kwa dongosolo. Kuphatikiza apo, mayendedwe ndi kusungidwa kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amafunikira ma flasks opangidwa mwapadera a Dewar kuti ateteze kukwera kwa kutentha ndi kutayika kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi.

Kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi

Kutsika kwa kutentha kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yogwira ntchito m'magawo osiyanasiyana. Pazamankhwala, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita opaleshoni komanso kuteteza minofu, monga kuzizira pakhungu komanso kusunga zitsanzo zachilengedwe. M'makampani azakudya, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozizira mwachangu chakudya, chifukwa malo ake otsika kwambiri amatha kuzizira chakudya, kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa kapangidwe ka cell ndikusunga kukoma koyambirira ndi zakudya za chakudya. Pakafukufuku, nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakufufuza kwapamwamba kwambiri, kuyesa kwafizikiki yotsika kwambiri, ndi zina zambiri, kupereka malo oyesera otsika kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, popanga mafakitale, nayitrogeni yamadzimadzi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zitsulo, kutentha kutentha, komanso ngati mpweya wopumira kuti aletse zinthu zina zamadzimadzi kuti zisachitike. Mapeto

Mapangidwe a nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimatheka kudzera munjira zosiyanitsa mpweya wozizira kwambiri komanso matekinoloje a liquefaction. Katundu wocheperako wa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi amachititsa kuti azigwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mafakitale, zamankhwala, ndi kafukufuku. Kuyambira m'zigawo za nayitrogeni mpweya kuti kwambiri ozizira liquefaction ndipo potsiriza ntchito yake, sitepe iliyonse amasonyeza mphamvu zapamwamba firiji ndi kulekana matekinoloje. Pogwira ntchito, akatswiri amafunikiranso kuwongolera mosalekeza ntchito yopangira kuti achepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kupititsa patsogolo kupanga kwa nayitrogeni wamadzimadzi.

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