| Zogulitsa | Nayitrogeni |
| Molecular formula: | N2 |
| Kulemera kwa mamolekyu: | 28.01 |
| Zosakaniza zowononga: | Nayitrogeni |
| Zowopsa paumoyo: | Nayitrogeni m'mlengalenga ndi wokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yamagetsi ya mpweya wopuma, zomwe zimayambitsa hypoxia ndi kuperewera. Pamene ndende ya nayitrogeni pokoka mpweya si mkulu kwambiri, wodwalayo poyamba anamva chifuwa chothina, kupuma movutikira, ndi kufooka; ndiye panali kuipidwa, chisangalalo chadzaoneni, kuthamanga, kukuwa, kusakondwa, ndi kuyenda kosakhazikika. Kapena chikomokere. Pokoka mpweya wambiri, odwala amatha kukomoka mwachangu ndikufa chifukwa cha kupuma komanso kugunda kwa mtima. Pamene diver imalowa m'malo mozama, mphamvu ya anesthesia ya nayitrogeni ikhoza kuchitika; ngati imasamutsidwa kuchokera kumalo othamanga kwambiri kupita kumalo othamanga, mpweya wa nayitrogeni udzapangika m'thupi, kupanikizana ndi mitsempha, mitsempha ya magazi, kapena kuyambitsa baji kutsekeka kwa mitsempha ya magazi, ndipo "decompression disease" imapezeka. |
| Ngozi yoyaka: | Nayitrogeni sangapse. |
| Pumirani mpweya: | Mwamsanga tulukani pamalopo mupite mpweya wabwino. Tsegulani njira yopuma. Ngati kupuma kuli kovuta, perekani mpweya. Pamene kupuma mtima kugunda, nthawi yomweyo kuchita kupuma yokumba ndi pachifuwa mtima kukanikiza opaleshoni kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. |
| Makhalidwe owopsa: | Ngati ikukumana ndi kutentha kwakukulu, mphamvu ya mkati mwa chidebecho imawonjezeka, ndipo imakhala pangozi yosweka ndi kuphulika. |
| Zowonongeka zoyaka: | Nayitrogeni Gasi |
| Njira yozimitsa moto: | Mankhwalawa sakuyaka. Moles chidebe kuchokera pamoto kupita kumalo otseguka momwe angathere, ndipo madzi omwe amapopera chidebe chamoto amazizira mpaka mapeto a moto atha. |
| Chithandizo chadzidzidzi: | Chotsani mwachangu ogwira ntchito m'madera akuwonongeka kwa mphepo yamkuntho, ndi kuwapatula, ndikuletsa kulowa ndi kutuluka. Ndibwino kuti ogwira ntchito zamwadzidzi azivala zida zopumira komanso zovala zogwirira ntchito. Yesani gwero lotayikira momwe mungathere. Wololera mpweya wabwino ndi imathandizira kufalikira. Chidebe chotayikiracho chiyenera kusamaliridwa bwino, ndiyeno chigwiritsidwe ntchito mutatha kukonza ndi kuyang'anitsitsa. |
| Njira zodzitetezera: | Okhudzidwa opareshoni. Okhudzidwa ntchito kupereka zabwino zachilengedwe mpweya wabwino zinthu. Wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa njira zogwirira ntchito pambuyo pa maphunziro apadera. Pewani kutuluka kwa mpweya kuntchito. Imwani ndikutsitsa pang'ono mukamagwira ntchito kuti mupewe kuwonongeka kwa masilindala ndi zina. Okonzeka ndi zida zadzidzidzi zotayikira. |
| Kusamala posungira: | Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zoziziritsa kukhosi komanso mpweya wabwino. Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi kutentha. Kuken sayenera kupitirira 30 ° C. Payenera kukhala zida zowonongeka zowonongeka m'malo osungira. |
| TLVTN: | ACGIH mpweya wovuta |
| uinjiniya control: | Okhudzidwa opareshoni. Perekani zabwino zachilengedwe mpweya wabwino. |
| Chitetezo cha kupuma: | Nthawi zambiri palibe chitetezo chapadera chomwe chimafunikira. Pamene mpweya wa okosijeni mumlengalenga pamalo ogwirira ntchito ndi wochepera 18%, tiyenera kuvala zopumira mpweya, zopumira mpweya kapena masks autali a chubu. |
| Chitetezo cha maso: | Nthawi zambiri palibe chitetezo chapadera chomwe chimafunikira. |
| Chitetezo chakuthupi: | Valani zovala zantchito wamba. |
| Chitetezo chamanja: | Valani magolovesi oteteza ntchito. |
| Chitetezo china: | Pewani kupuma movutikira kwambiri. Kulowa m'matanki, malo ochepa kapena malo ena okwera kwambiri ayenera kuyang'aniridwa. |
| Zosakaniza zazikulu: | Zomwe zili: nayitrogeni wapamwamba-woyera ≥99.999%; mafakitale mlingo woyamba mlingo ≥99.5%; sekondale ≥98.5%. |
| Maonekedwe | Gasi wopanda mtundu komanso wopanda fungo. |
| Malo osungunuka (℃): | -209.8 |
| Malo otentha (℃): | -195.6 |
| Kachulukidwe wachibale (madzi = 1): | 0.81(-196 ℃) |
| Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi (mpweya = 1): | 0.97 |
| Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi (KPA): | 1026.42(-173 ℃) |
| Kuwotcha (kj/mol): | zopanda pake |
| Kutentha kwakukulu (℃): | -147 |
| Critical pressure (MPA): | 3.40 |
| Pothirira (℃): | zopanda pake |
| Kutentha koyaka (℃): | zopanda pake |
| Malire apamwamba a kuphulika: | zopanda pake |
| Malire otsika a kuphulika: | zopanda pake |
| Kusungunuka: | Kusungunuka pang'ono m'madzi ndi Mowa. |
| Cholinga chachikulu: | Ntchito liphatikize ammonia, asidi nitric, ntchito ngati zinthu zoteteza wothandizila, mazira wothandizila. |
| Acute toxicity: | Ld50: Palibe zambiri LC50: Palibe zambiri |
| Zowopsa zina: | Palibe zambiri |
| Njira yothetsera vutoli: | Chonde onetsani malamulo oyenerera adziko ndi amdera lanu musanawachotse. Mpweya wotuluka utsitsidwa mwachindunji mumlengalenga. |
| Nambala ya katundu wowopsa: | 22005 |
| Nambala ya UN: | 1066 |
| Gulu lazopaka: | O53 |
| Njira yopakira: | Silinda yamagetsi yachitsulo; wamba matabwa mabokosi kunja ampoule botolo. |
| Kusamala pamayendedwe: | |
Momwe mungatengere mpweya wabwino wa nayitrogeni kuchokera ku Air?
1. Njira Yopatukana ya Air Cryogenic
Njira yolekanitsa ya Cryogenic yadutsa zaka zoposa 100 zachitukuko, ndipo yakhala ikukumana ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zosiyana siyana monga voteji yapamwamba, voteji yapamwamba ndi yotsika, kuthamanga kwapakati, ndi ndondomeko yotsika kwambiri. Ndi chitukuko cha zamakono mpweya mphambu luso ndi zipangizo, ndondomeko mkulu -voteji, mkulu ndi otsika kuthamanga, ndi sing'anga -voltage vacuum wakhala kwenikweni anathetsedwa. Njira yotsika kwambiri yochepetsera mphamvu ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pang'ono komanso kupanga kotetezeka kwakhala chisankho choyamba pazida zazikulu komanso zapakatikati zoziziritsa kuzizira. The zonse otsika-voteji mpweya magawano ndondomeko anawagawa kunja psinjika njira ndi mkati psinjika njira molingana psinjika maulalo osiyana mpweya ndi nayitrogeni mankhwala. The zonse otsika-anzanu kunja psinjika ndondomeko umatulutsa otsika -anzanu mpweya kapena asafe, ndiyeno compresses mankhwala mpweya kukakamiza chofunika kupereka wosuta kudzera kunja kompresa. Full kuthamanga mu otsika -anzanu psinjika ndondomeko The madzi mpweya kapena madzi asafe kwaiye ndi distillation distillation amavomereza ndi mapampu madzi ozizira bokosi nthunzi nthunzi pambuyo kuthamanga chofunika ndi wosuta, ndi wosuta amaperekedwa pambuyo kachiwiri -kutentha mu waukulu kutentha kuwombola chipangizo. Njira zazikulu ndi kusefa, psinjika, kuzirala, kuyeretsedwa, supercharger, kukulitsa, distillation, kulekana, kutentha -kuyanjananso, ndi kutulutsa kunja kwa mpweya waiwisi.
2. Kuthamanga kusuntha adsorption njira (njira ya PSA)
Njira imeneyi zachokera wothinikizidwa mpweya monga zopangira. Nthawi zambiri, kuyezetsa kwa ma cell kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati adsorbent. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwina, kusiyana kwa kuyamwa kwa okosijeni ndi ma molekyulu a nayitrogeni mumlengalenga mu masikelo osiyanasiyana a maselo amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakusonkhanitsa gasi, kulekanitsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni kumayendetsedwa; ndi molecular sieve kuyamwa wothandizila kusanthula ndi kubwezerezedwanso pambuyo kuchotsa kuthamanga.
Kuphatikiza pa sieve ya maselo, ma adsorbents amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito alumina ndi silikoni.
Pakali pano, ambiri ntchito thiransifoma adsorption nayitrogeni kupanga chipangizo zachokera wothinikizidwa mpweya, mpweya maselo sieve monga adsorbent, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kusiyana adsorption mphamvu, mlingo adsorption, adsorption mphamvu ya mpweya ndi nayitrogeni pa carbon molecular sieves ndi Zosiyana maganizo ali osiyana adsorption mphamvu olekanitsa makhalidwe nayitrogeni kukwaniritsa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni. Choyamba, mpweya mumlengalenga umayikidwa patsogolo ndi mamolekyu a carbon, omwe amawonjezera nayitrogeni mu gawo la mpweya. Kuti mupeze nayitrogeni mosalekeza, pakufunika nsanja ziwiri za adsorption.
Kugwiritsa ntchito
1. Mankhwala a nayitrogeni ndi okhazikika ndipo nthawi zambiri samayankha kuzinthu zina. Izi inertial khalidwe amalola kuti chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'madera ambiri anaerobic, monga ntchito nayitrogeni m'malo mpweya mu chidebe inayake, amene amasewera kudzipatula, retardant lawi, kuphulika -umboni, ndi anticorrosion. Umisiri wa LPG, mapaipi amafuta ndi ma liquefied bronchial network amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakugwiritsa ntchito mafakitale ndi kugwiritsa ntchito anthu wamba [11]. Nayitrojeni angagwiritsidwenso ntchito popakira zakudya zosinthidwa ndi mankhwala monga kuphimba mpweya, zingwe zomangira, matelefoni, ndi matayala amphira opanikizidwa omwe amatha kukulirakulira. Monga mtundu wotetezera, nayitrogeni nthawi zambiri amasinthidwa ndi pansi kuti achepetse dzimbiri zomwe zimadza chifukwa cholumikizana pakati pa chubu ndi madzimadzi oyambira.
2. Nayitrogeni woyeretsedwa kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito muzitsulo zosungunula zosungunuka kuti zisungunuke kuti zisungunuke bwino kuti zisawonongeke. Mpweya, umalepheretsa kutentha kwa makutidwe ndi okosijeni wamkuwa, kumasunga pamwamba pa zinthu zamkuwa, ndikuthetsa ndondomeko ya pickling. The nayitrogeni -based makala ng'anjo mpweya (zikuchokera ake ndi: 64.1% N2, 34.7% CO, 1.2% H2 ndi pang'ono CO2) monga zoteteza mpweya pa mkuwa kusungunuka, kuti mkuwa kusungunuka pamwamba ntchito mankhwala khalidwe.
3. Pafupifupi 10% ya nayitrogeni opangidwa ngati refrigerant, makamaka zikuphatikizapo: kawirikawiri zofewa kapena ngati mphira - ngati kulimba, otsika kutentha processing mphira, kuzizira kozizira ndi unsembe, ndi kwachilengedwenso toyesa, monga kuteteza magazi Kuzizira mu kayendedwe.
4. Nayitrojeni angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupanga nitric oxide kapena nayitrogeni woipa kuti apange nitric acid. Njira yopangira iyi ndi yapamwamba ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika. Kuphatikiza apo, nayitrogeni itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga ammonia ndi chitsulo nitride.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-09-2023