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Argon (chizindikiro cha Ar, nambala ya atomiki 18) ndi mpweya wabwino wodziwika ndi makhalidwe ake osagwira ntchito, opanda mtundu, opanda fungo, komanso opanda kukoma—makhalidwe omwe amaupangitsa kukhala wotetezeka ku malo otsekedwa kapena otsekedwa. Pokhala ndi pafupifupi 0.93% ya mlengalenga wa Dziko Lapansi, ndi wochuluka kwambiri kuposa mpweya wina wabwino monga neon (0.0018%) kapena krypton (0.00011%), zomwe zimaupatsa mwayi wachilengedwe wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwake kwa mankhwala kumachokera ku chipolopolo chakunja cha ma elekitironi (ma elekitironi asanu ndi atatu a valence), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sichimapanga zinthu zina—ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kapena pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu. Pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika kokhazikika (STP), argon imapezeka ngati mpweya wa monatomic (wopangidwa ndi maatomu amodzi, mosiyana ndi mpweya wa diatomic kapena nayitrogeni), wokhala ndi kutentha kwa -185.8°C ndi kutentha kwa -189.3°C. Kutentha kotsika kwambiri kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti imafunika kusungidwa bwino, komanso imapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito monga zida zoziziritsira, chifukwa sichimakhudzana ndi zinthu ngakhale zitazizira kwambiri.

Argon nthawi zambiri imalekanitsidwa ndi mpweya kudzera mu distillation ya magawo, njira yeniyeni, yochitika masitepe ambiri. Choyamba, mpweya wa mlengalenga umasefedwa kuti uchotse fumbi, nthunzi ya madzi, ndi carbon dioxide—zodetsa zomwe zingasokoneze kuzizira kapena kuipitsa chinthu chomaliza. Kenako, mpweya woyeretsedwawo umakanikizidwa ndikuzizidwa mu chosinthira kutentha, pamapeto pake kufika -200°C, chomwe chimasandulika kukhala madzi. Mpweya wamadzimadziwu umapopedwa mu nsanja yayitali yoyeretsera, komwe umatenthedwa pang'onopang'ono. Chifukwa mpweya wosiyanasiyana mumlengalenga uli ndi malo owira apadera—nayitrogeni imawira pa -195.8°C (yotsika kuposa argon), mpweya pa -183°C (yokwera kuposa argon)—imatenthedwa pamlingo wosiyana wa nsanjayo. Mpweya wa nayitrogeni umakwera pamwamba ndipo umasonkhanitsidwa kaye, pomwe mpweya umakhalabe wamadzi pansi. Argon, yokhala ndi malo ake owira apakati, imakhazikika pakati pa nsanjayo, komwe imachotsedwa. Argon yosonkhanitsidwayo imatumizidwa kudzera mu sitepe yachiwiri yoyeretsera kuti ichotse nayitrogeni kapena mpweya wotsala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti argon ya mafakitale (99.99% yoyera) kapena argon yoyera kwambiri (99.999% yoyera) igwiritsidwe ntchito paukadaulo wapamwamba.​

Kusagwira ntchito kwa Argon kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mu metallurgy, ndi mpweya wofunikira kwambiri woteteza njira zowotcherera monga MIG (Metal Inert Gas) ndi TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo monga aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kapena titaniyamu, imapanga chotchinga choteteza kuzungulira malo owotcherera, kuteteza okosijeni omwe angafooketse cholumikizira kapena kuyambitsa zolakwika—zofunikira popanga mafelemu a magalimoto, zida za ndege, ndi zipangizo zomangira. Makampani a zamagetsi amadalira argon yoyera kwambiri popanga ma semiconductors: panthawi yoyika zitsulo zoonda kapena silicon pa microchips, argon imadzaza chipinda chopangira, kuonetsetsa kuti palibe tinthu ta mpweya toyipitsa mabwalo ofooka. Kupatula mafakitale olemera, argon imakulitsa moyo wa mababu a incandescent pochepetsa kuuluka kwa ulusi wa tungsten (kuwirikiza kawiri moyo wa mababu poyerekeza ndi mababu odzazidwa ndi mpweya) ndikusunga zinthu zakale—monga zolembedwa zakale kapena nsalu zosalimba—m'malo owonetsera nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale, komwe imalowa m'malo mwa mpweya kuti asiye kuwola. Imagwiranso ntchito poika chakudya m'mabokosi, komwe imasakanizidwa ndi nayitrogeni kuti itulutse mpweya, kusunga zakudya zophikidwa, zokhwasula-khwasula, ndi zipatso zatsopano kukhala zatsopano kwa nthawi yayitali.

Pazachuma, argon ndi chuma chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kufunika kwake kwakukulu komanso ndalama zochepa zopangira. Popeza zinthu zake zopangira ndi mpweya—chinthu chopanda malire, chopanda malire—kusungunuka kwa magawo kumakhala kotsika mtengo, makamaka ngati kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kupanga nayitrogeni kapena okosijeni (zomera zambiri zimapanga mpweya wonsewo nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimachepetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito). Msika wapadziko lonse wa argon uli ndi mtengo woposa $8 biliyoni pachaka, ndi kukula kosalekeza kwa 5-7% pachaka. Kukula kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi mafakitale monga magalimoto (pamene kupanga magalimoto amagetsi kukuchulukirachulukira, kufunikira kuwotcherera kolondola kwambiri), zamagetsi (kukulitsa 5G ndi kupanga ma semiconductor), ndi mphamvu zongowonjezwdwanso (kupanga ma solar panel kumagwiritsa ntchito argon kuphimba maselo a photovoltaic). Mosiyana ndi mpweya wosowa kwambiri (krypton imadula nthawi 10-20 kuposa, xenon nthawi 50-100 kuposa), mtengo wa argon umapangitsa kuti ipezeke mosavuta m'mafakitale akuluakulu komanso m'ma laboratories ang'onoang'ono. Pamene ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga zikufulumira, kufunikira kwa argon kukuyembekezeka kukwera kwambiri, kulimbitsa udindo wake ngati chothandizira kukula kwa mafakitale ndi luso laukadaulo padziko lonse lapansi.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, chonde titumizireni momasuka:

Lumikizanani nafe:Miranda Wei

Email:miranda.wei@hzazbel.com

Gulu la anthu/Kodi pulogalamu/Timacheza:+86-13282810265

WhatsApp:+86 157 8166 4197

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