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Argon (chizindikiro cha Ar, nambala ya atomiki 18) ndi mpweya wabwino wodziwika ndi mawonekedwe ake olowera, opanda mtundu, osanunkhiza, komanso osakoma —mikhalidwe yomwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yotetezeka m'malo otsekedwa kapena otsekeka. Kuphatikizika pafupifupi 0.93% yamlengalenga wapadziko lapansi, ndikochuluka kwambiri kuposa mipweya ina yabwino kwambiri ngati neon (0.0018%) kapena krypton (0.00011%), ndikuwapatsa mwayi wachilengedwe wogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kukhazikika kwake kwamankhwala kumachokera ku chipolopolo chonse chakunja kwa ma elekitironi (ma elekitironi asanu ndi atatu a valence), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti sichimapanganso zinthu zina - ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kapena kupanikizika kwambiri. Pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika (STP), argon imakhalapo ngati mpweya wa monatomic (wopangidwa ndi maatomu amodzi, mosiyana ndi diatomic oxygen kapena nitrogen), yokhala ndi kuwira kwa -185.8 ° C ndi kuzizira kwa -189.3 ° C. Kutentha kotsika kwambiri kumeneku kumatanthauza kuti kumafuna kusungidwa kwa cryogenic, komanso kumapangitsanso kukhala koyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati zida zovutirapo zoziziritsa, chifukwa sichimalumikizana ndi zida ngakhale zitazizira kwambiri mpaka ziro.

Argon nthawi zambiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi mpweya kudzera mu distillation ya fractional, yolondola, ndondomeko yambiri. Choyamba, mpweya wa mumlengalenga umasefedwa kuchotsa fumbi, nthunzi wa madzi, ndi carbon dioxide—zonyansa zimene zingasokoneze kuzirala kapena kuipitsa chinthu chomaliza. Kenaka, mpweya woyeretsedwa umakanikizidwa ndikukhazikika mu chotenthetsera kutentha, potsirizira pake kufika -200 ° C, umene umasandulika kukhala madzi. Mpweya wamadzimadzi umenewu amauponyera m’nsanja yaitali ya distillation, kumene amatenthedwa pang’onopang’ono. Chifukwa mipweya yosiyana siyana ya mumpweya imakhala ndi zowira zapadera—zithupsa za nayitrogeni pa -195.8°C (zotsikirapo kuposa argon), mpweya wofika pa -183°C (wam’mwamba kuposa argon)—zimasanduka nthunzi pazigawo zosiyanasiyana za nsanjayo. Mpweya wa nayitrojeni umakwera pamwamba ndipo umasonkhanitsidwa poyamba, pamene mpweya umakhalabe wamadzi pansi. Argon, yokhala ndi nsonga yowira yapakati, imakhazikika pakati pa nsanja, pomwe imadulidwa. Argon yosonkhanitsidwayo imatumizidwa kudzera mu sitepe yachiwiri yoyeretsedwa kuti ichotse nayitrogeni kapena mpweya uliwonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti argon (99.99% pure) kapena ultra-pure argon (99.999% pure) kuti agwiritse ntchito zamakono.

Kusakhazikika kwa Argon kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yofunika kwambiri m'mafakitale angapo. Muzitsulo, ndizovuta kwambiri zotetezera gasi pakuwotcherera monga MIG (Metal Inert Gas) ndi TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas). Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera zitsulo monga aluminiyamu, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, kapena titaniyamu, imapanga chotchinga chotchinga kuzungulira malo owotcherera, kuteteza oxidation yomwe ingafooketse cholumikizira kapena kuyambitsa zolakwika - zofunika popanga mafelemu agalimoto, zida za ndege, ndi zida zomangira. Makampani opanga zamagetsi amadalira ultra-pure argon kuti apange semiconductors: pakuyika zitsulo zopyapyala kapena zigawo za silicon pa ma microchips, argon amadzaza chipinda chopangira, kuwonetsetsa kuti palibe tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timayipitsa mabwalo osakhwima. Kupitilira makampani olemera, argon amakulitsa nthawi ya moyo wa mababu owunikira pochepetsa kutuluka kwa nsonga za tungsten (kuwirikiza kawiri moyo wa babu poyerekeza ndi mababu odzazidwa ndi mpweya) ndikusunga zinthu zakale - monga mipukutu yakale kapena nsalu zosalimba - m'malo owonetsera mumyuziyamu, pomwe amalowetsa mpweya kuti asiye kuwonongeka. Zimagwiranso ntchito popaka zakudya, pamene zimasakanizidwa ndi nayitrojeni kuti zitulutse mpweya, kusunga zowotcha, zokhwasula-khwasula, ndi zokolola zatsopano kwa nthawi yaitali.

Pazachuma, argon ndi chida chamtengo wapatali chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwake komanso kutsika mtengo kopangira. Popeza zopangira zake ndi mpweya - wopandamalire, gwero laulere - fractional distillation imakhala yotsika mtengo, makamaka ikaphatikizidwa ndi nayitrogeni kapena mpweya wa okosijeni (zomera zambiri zimatulutsa mpweya onse atatu panthawi imodzi, kuchepetsa pamwamba). Msika wapadziko lonse wa argon ndi wamtengo wapatali kuposa $8 biliyoni pachaka, ndikukula kosasunthika kwa 5-7% pachaka. Kukula kumeneku kumayendetsedwa ndi mafakitale monga magalimoto (pamene kupanga magalimoto amagetsi kumawonjezeka, kumafuna kuwotcherera mwatsatanetsatane), zamagetsi (kukulitsa 5G ndi kupanga semiconductor), ndi mphamvu zowonjezera (kupanga solar panel kumagwiritsa ntchito argon kuvala ma cell photovoltaic). Mosiyana ndi mpweya wabwino kwambiri (krypton imawononga kuwirikiza 10-20, xenon 50-100 kuwirikiza kawiri), kukwanitsa kwa argon kumapangitsa kuti izitha kupezeka m'mafakitole akulu ndi ma laboratories ang'onoang'ono. Pomwe ukadaulo wapadziko lonse lapansi ndi chitukuko cha zomangamanga chikuchulukirachulukira, kufunikira kwa argon kukuyembekezeka kukwera, kulimbitsa udindo wake monga chothandizira kukula kwa mafakitale ndi luso laukadaulo padziko lonse lapansi.

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zambiri, chonde titumizireni kwaulere:

Contact:Miranda Wei

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